The macroecology of phylogenetically structured hummingbird–plant networks

• DOI: 10.1111/geb.12355
• Publication Date: 2015-07-30T11:14:16Z
• Authors: Ana M. Martín Gon...; Bo Dalsgaard; David Nogués‐Bravo; Catherine H. Graham; Matthias Schleuning; Pietro K. Maruyama; Stefan Abrahamczyk; Ruben Alarcón; Andréa C. Araujo; Francielle P. Araújo; Severino Mendes d...; Andrea C. Baquero; Peter A. Cotton; Tanja Toftemark I...; Glauco Kohler; Carlos Lara; Flor Maria Guedes...; Adriana O. Machado; Caio Graco Machado; María Alejandra M...; Jimmy A. McGuire; Alan Cerqueira Moura; Genilda M. Oliveira; Paulo E. Oliveira; Juan Francisco Or...; Licléia da Cruz R...; Liliana Rosero‐La...; Ana M. Rui; Marlies Sazima; Allan Timmermann; Isabela Galarda V...; Jeferson Vizentin...; Zhiheng Wang; Stella Watts; Carsten Rahbek; Neo D. Martinez
• Keywords: Hummingbird; Macroecology; Modularity; Null model

Abstract Aim To investigate the association between hummingbird–plant network structure and species richness, phylogenetic signal on species' interaction pattern, insularity historical current climate. Location Fifty‐four communities along a c . 10,000 km latitudinal gradient across A mericas (39° N –32° S ), ranging from sea level to 3700 m a.s.l., located mainland islands covering wide range of climate regimes. Methods We measured specialization modularity in mutualistic plant–hummingbird networks. Using an ordinary least squares multimodel approach, we examined influence signal, conditions (null‐model‐corrected modularity). Results Phylogenetically related species, especially plants, showed tendency interact with similar array partners. The spatial variation exhibited constant phylogeny ( R 2 = 0.18–0.19); however, strongest richness environmental factors 0.20–0.44 0.32–0.45, respectively). Specifically, higher levels were associated species‐rich which closely hummingbirds visited distinct sets flowering species. On mainland, was also warmer temperatures greater temperature stability. Main conclusions Our results confirm previous macroecological studies networks have highlighted importance environment determining structure. Additionally, for first time, report at scale, indicating that high are interspecific competition among hummingbirds, subdividing floral niche. This suggests tighter co‐evolutionary their plants than previously studied plant–bird systems.