On the mismatch in the strength of competition among fossil and modern species of planktonic Foraminifera

• DOI: 10.1111/geb.13000
• Publication Date: 2019-09-13T06:05:46Z
• Authors: Marina C. Rillo; Mauro T. C. Sugawara; Brenno Cabella; Lukas Jonkers; Ulrike K. Baranowski; Michal Kučera; Thomas H. G. Ezard
• Keywords: 580; zooplankton; 0301 basic medicine; 570; macroevolution; 0303 health sciences; interspecific competition; 590; diversity dependent diversification; 15. Life on land; 03 medical and health sciences; 13. Climate action; time-series analysis; microfossils; 14. Life underwater; diversity dependent diversification; community ecology; community phylogenetics

Abstract Aim Many clades display the macroevolutionary pattern of a negative relationship between standing diversity and diversification rates. Competition among species has been proposed as main mechanism that explains this pattern. However, we currently lack empirical insight into how effects individual‐level ecological interactions scale up to affect diversification. Here, investigate clade shows evidence for diversity‐dependent in fossil record test whether clade's modern communities show corresponding signal interspecific competition. Location World's oceans. Time period Holocene. Major taxa studied Planktonic Foraminifera (Rhizaria). Methods We explore spatial temporal patterns expected under Firstly, use community phylogenetics approach signs local competitive exclusion ecologically similar (defined closely related or shell sizes) by combining relative abundances seafloor sediments. Secondly, analyse population co‐occurring covary negatively through time using sediment trap time‐series spanning 1–12 years. Results The great majority assemblages are indistinguishable from randomly assembled communities, showing no significant co‐occurrence regarding phylogeny size similarity. Through time, most pairs correlated positively, indicating synchronous rather than compensatory dynamics. Main conclusions found detectable competition structuring extant planktonic communities. Species co‐occurrences dynamics likely regulated abiotic environment and/or distantly species, intra‐clade density‐dependent processes. This interpretation contradicts idea drives One way better integrate ecology macroevolution is consider influenced groups interact even when related.