Mediterranean diet and obesity polygenic risk interaction on adiposity in European children: The IDEFICS/I.Family Study

• DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.70023
• Publication Date: 2025-05-19T08:54:01Z
• Authors: Miguel Seral‐Cortes; Gabin Drouard; Guiomar Masip; Leonie H. Bogl; Stefaan De Henauw; Ronja Foraita; Timm Intemann; Lauren Lissner; Denes Molnar; Rajini Nagrani; Valeria Pala; Catalina Picó; Paola Russo; Gianluca Tognon; Michael Tornaritis; Toomas Veidebaum; Marvin N. Wright; Pilar De Miguel‐E...; Luis A. Moreno; Idoia Labayen
• Keywords: Mediterranean Diet; Cross-sectional study; Longitudinal Study; Genetic predisposition

Summary Background and Objectives To examine whether changes in the Mediterranean Diet (MD) or any of its MD food groups modulate genetic susceptibility to obesity European youth, both cross‐sectional longitudinal analyses. Methods For analysis, 1982 participants at baseline, 1649 follow‐up 1 (FU1) 1907 2 (FU2), aged 2–16 years IDEFICS/I.Family studies were considered. design, 1254 included. Adherence was assessed using Score (MDS), high BMI with a polygenic risk score (BMI‐PRS). Multiple linear regression models fitted estimate gene × effects on markers obesity. Results In analyses, higher MDS associated children (β = 0.12; 95% CI [0.01, 0.24]). However, 6 later, FU2, lower −0.19; [−0.38, −0.01]) susceptibility, showing an attenuating effect. Also vegetables legumes (V&L) showed inverse associations −0.01; [−0.02, −0.00]) WC −0.02; [−0.03, regardless risk, although effect sizes small. no MDS‐obesity diet interaction observed. Conclusions analysis (baseline FU2), modulated association between adiposity indicators having exacerbating measured during infancy early adolescent years.