Three times out of Asia Minor: the phylogeography of Arabis alpina L. (Brassicaceae)

• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2005.02848.x
• Publication Date: 2006-02-24T07:50:27Z
• Authors: MARCUS A. KOCH; CHRISTIANE KIEFER; DOROTHEE EHRICH; JOHANNES VOGEL; CHRISTIAN BROCHMANN; KLAUS MUMMENHOFF
• Keywords: Peninsula

Abstract Arabis alpina is a characteristic plant in arctic‐alpine habitats and serves as classical example to demonstrate biology, ecology biogeography of disjuncts. It has wider distribution than most other plants, covering all European mountain systems, the Canary Islands, North Africa, high mountains East Africa Ethiopia, Arabian Peninsula ranges Central Asia Iran Iraq. Additionally it found northern amphi‐Atlantic area including northeastern America, Greenland, Iceland, Svalbard northwestern Europe. We used markers from nuclear (internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA) chloroplast genome ( trn L‐F region) reconstruct its phylogeographic history. Both revealed clear structure. suggest that A. originated Minor less 2 million years ago based on synonymous mutation rates different genes (plastidic mat K, adh chs ). From Asian ancestral stock one group migrated via African mountains. A second gave rise populations, also served source for northwest populations. third group, which still centred Asia, independently southwards came into secondary contact with lineage resulting genetic diversity this area. In Mediterranean regions, was relatively numerous unique haplotypes, but almost without geographic contrast, populations were extremely depauperate, suggesting very recent (postglacial) expansion vast south.