Leadership in fish shoals

• DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2000.tb00001.x
• Publication Date: 2012-02-28T13:10:18Z
• Authors: J Krause; D Hoare; S Krause; C K Hemelrijk; D I Rubenstein
• Keywords: Shoal; Shoaling and schooling; Position (finance)

Abstract Leadership is not an inherent quality of animal groups that show directional locomotion. However, there are other factors may be responsible for the occurrence leadership in fish shoals, such as individual differences nutritional state between group members. It appears front have a strong influence on shoal movements and individuals occupy positions often characterised by larger body lengths lower state. Potential interactions two their importance positioning within shoals need further attention. Initiation movement stationary position preferences mobile to addressed separately because they potentially subject different constraints. Individuals initiate swimming direction necessarily capable sustained high performance required keep or motivation do so, matter. More empirical theoretical work necessary look at controlling behaviour well overall shape structure. Tracking marked whose monitored over extended time periods hours days would useful. There indication rotated according needs, with hungry occupying only long regain balance. This suggests members effectively take turns being leaders. three‐dimensional recordings shoaling using high‐speed video systems allow detailed analysis information transfer size. The relationship size might provide interesting field future research. Most studies date been restricted small medium more