Chloroplast phylogeography of New Zealand Sophora trees (Fabaceae): extensive hybridization and widespread Last Glacial Maximum survival

• DOI: 10.1111/jbi.12963
• Publication Date: 2017-02-21T23:32:59Z
• Authors: Lara D. Shepherd; Peter J. de Lange; Leon R. Perrie; Peter B. Heenan
• Keywords: Endemism; Last Glacial Maximum

Abstract Aim To date, there have been few studies investigating the phylogeography of forest trees that are widely distributed in New Zealand. Our main objective was to examine phylogeographic distribution chloroplast DNA from Zealand Sophora with respect known biogeographical regions, proposed refugia and species boundaries. A second investigate origins southern Chatham Island populations chathamica , which derive Māori translocation. Location The archipelago coastal lowland forests. Methods We sequenced trnQ5′‐rps16 intergenic spacer 416 samples representing all species. median‐joining network used analyse haplotype relationships. Phylogeographic structuring assessed G ST N calculations spatial analysis molecular variance ( SAMOVA ). Analyses were test partitioning schemes including divisions Results total 22 haplotypes recovered. Moderate genetic differentiation detected it had a component but no higher level groupings found . Very little variation partitioned by boundaries or geography. Haplotype diversity decreased north south not major glacial refugia. Populations suggested translocations contained natural range Main conclusions survived Last Glacial Maximum widespread throughout much country, although our data did provide evidence for survival South Island. Chloroplast sharing among likely results hybridization introgression. indicate occurrence S. North Island, northern Islands is be natural, planting some individuals cannot excluded.