Genomically correlated trait combinations and antagonistic selection contributing to counterintuitive genetic patterns of adaptive diapause divergence in Rhagoletis flies

• DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13952
• Publication Date: 2021-10-20T23:12:46Z
• Authors: McCall B. Calvert; Meredith M. Doellman; Jeffrey L. Feder; Glen R. Hood; Peter Meyers; Scott P. Egan; Thomas H. Q. Powell; Mary M. Glover; Cheyenne Tait; Hannes Schuler; Stewart H. Berlocher; James J. Smith; Patrik Nosil; Daniel A. Hahn; Gregory J. Ragland
• Keywords: Pleiotropy; Rhagoletis

Adaptation to novel environments can result in unanticipated genomic responses selection. Here, we illustrate how multifarious, correlational selection helps explain a counterintuitive pattern of genetic divergence between the recently derived apple- and ancestral hawthorn-infesting host races Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae). The apple race terminates diapause emerges as adults earlier season than hawthorn race, coincide with fruiting phenology their hosts. However, alleles at many loci associated later emergence paradoxically occur higher frequencies sympatric populations compared race. We present evidence that historical over geographically varying environmental gradients across North America generated correlations two life history traits, intensity termination, Moreover, these traits are concentrated regions high linkage disequilibrium (LD). These antagonistic contemporary on local favours increased initial depth earlier, not later, termination. Thus, paradox flies appears due, part, pleiotropy or adult intensity, latter trait strongly selected for by apples. Our results demonstrate understanding multivariate combinations correlative nature selective forces acting them improve predictions concerning adaptive evolution help seemingly patterns diversity nature.