Increasing precision during neuromodulator injections for frontal rhytids—Using ultrasound imaging to identify the line of convergence

• DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16368
• Publication Date: 2024-05-17T06:35:12Z
• Authors: Claudia C. B. Men...; Silvio Freitas; Leonard Knoedler; Samuel Knoedler; Kristina Davidovic; Carlos Bravo; AmberLeigh Pappas; Brian S. Biesman; Michael Alfertshofer; Sebastian Cotofana
• Keywords: Frontalis muscle; Vascularity

Abstract Background Recent research introduced the concept of “line convergence” as a guide for injectors to enhance precision and avoid complications when treating frontalis muscle with toxins. However, currently, no pre‐injection ultrasound scanning is employed increase reduce adverse events searching line convergence. Objective To explore feasibility practicality implementing into aesthetic neuromodulator treatments forehead. Methods The sample this study consisted n = 55 volunteers (42 females 13 males), mean age 42.24 (10.3) years BMI 25.07 (4.0) kg/m 2 . High‐frequency imaging was utilized measure thickness, length, contractility frontal soft tissue determine precise location convergence during maximal contraction. Results results revealed that located at 58.43% (8.7) total forehead height above superior border eyebrow cilia without statistically significant difference between sex, age, or BMI. With contraction, shortens in males by 25.90% (6.5), whereas it only 21.74% (5.1), p < 0.001 sex differences. Conclusion This demonstrated facial treatments. Knowing convergence, can precisely on an individual basis where administer deep superficial injection risk cause ptosis.