Impact of smoking on experimental gingivitis. A clinical, microbiological and immunological prospective study

• DOI: 10.1111/jre.12363
• Publication Date: 2016-03-03T06:27:25Z
• Authors: D. C. Peruzzo; J. H. Gimenes; T. Taiete; R. C. V. Casarin; M. Feres; E. A. Sallum; M. Z. Casati; K. R. Kantovitz; F. H. Nociti
• Keywords: Bleeding on probing; Gingival inflammation; Dental floss; Tooth brushing

Objective The present study assessed the effect of smoking on clinical, microbiological and immunological parameters in an experimental gingivitis model. Material Methods Twenty‐four healthy dental students were divided into two groups: smokers ( n = 10); nonsmokers 14). Stents used to prevent biofilm removal during brushing. Visible plaque index VPI ) gingival bleeding GBI determined 5‐ day ‐7 (running phase), baseline, 21 d (experimental gingivitis) 28 (resolution phase). Supragingival crevicular fluid collected assayed by checkerboard DNA – hybridization a multiplex analysis, respectively. Intragroup comparison was performed Friedman Dunn's multiple tests, whereas Mann–Whitney U ‐test applied for intergroup analyses. Results Cessation oral hygiene resulted significant increase , volume both groups, which returned baseline levels 7 after resumed. Smokers presented lower than did p < 0.05) at 21. had higher total bacterial counts proportions red‐ orange complex bacteria, as well Actinomyces spp., purple‐ yellow‐complex bacteria 0.05). Furthermore, key immune‐regulatory cytokines, including interleukin IL )‐8, ‐17 interferon‐γ, Conclusion developed inflammation supragingival accumulation, but less bleeding, periodontal pathogens distinct host‐response patterns course gingivitis.