A tale of worldwide success: Behind the scenes of Carex (Cyperaceae) biogeography and diversification

• DOI: 10.1111/jse.12549
• Publication Date: 2019-11-07T12:42:43Z
• Authors: Santiago Martín‐B...; Pedro Jiménez‐Mejías; Tamara Villaverde; Marcial Escudero; Marlene Hahn; Daniel Spalink; Eric H. Roalson; Andrew L. Hipp; ; Carmen Benítez‐Be...; Leo P. Bruederle; Elisabeth Fitzek; Bruce A. Ford; Kerry A. Ford; Mira Garner; Sebastian Gebauer; Matthias H. Hoffmann; Xiao‐Feng Jin; Isabel Larridon; Étienne Léveillé‐...; Yi‐Fei Lu; Modesto Luceño; Enrique Maguilla; Jose Ignacio Márq...; Mónica Míguez; Robert Naczi; Anton A. Reznicek; Julian R. Starr
• Keywords: Carex; Cyperaceae

Abstract The megadiverse genus Carex (c. 2000 species, Cyperaceae) has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution, displaying an inverted latitudinal richness gradient with higher species diversity in cold‐temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere. Despite great expansion our knowledge phylogenetic history and many molecular studies focusing on biogeography particular groups during last few decades, global analysis diversification is still lacking. For this purpose, we built hitherto most comprehensive Carex‐ dated phylogeny based three markers (ETS–ITS– matK ), using previous phylogenomic Hyb‐Seq framework, sampling two‐thirds its all recognized sections. Ancestral area reconstruction, biogeographic stochastic mapping, rate analyses were conducted to elucidate macroevolutionary patterns. Our results reveal that originated late Eocene E Asia, where it probably remained until synchronous main subgeneric lineages Oligocene. Asia supported as cradle diversification, well “museum” extant diversity. Subsequent “out‐of‐Asia” colonization patterns feature multiple asymmetric dispersals clustered toward present times among Hemisphere regions, major regions acting both source sink (especially North America), several independent events Southern We detected 13 notable shifts 10 My, including remarkable radiations America New Zealand, which occurred concurrently Neogene cooling, suggests involved new into novel niche space.