Prevalence and characterization of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs with signs of chronic gastrointestinal disease: A multicenter study

• DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15752
• Publication Date: 2020-06-23T15:40:52Z
• Authors: Christina Hauck; Silke S. Schmitz; Iwan A. Burgener; Astrid Wehner; Reto Neiger; Barbara Kohn; Thomas Rieker; Sven Reese; Stefan Unterer
• Keywords: Male; Hydrocortisone; Addison’s disease; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Veterinary medicine; cortisol; 0403 veterinary science; Dogs; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Melena; SF600-1100; Prevalence; Animals; Dog Diseases; Prospective Studies; atypical hypoadrenocorticism; 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences; 3. Good health; chronic diarrhea; Female; Addison's disease; SMALL ANIMAL; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Adrenal Insufficiency

AbstractBackgroundDogs with hypoadrenocorticism (HA) frequently show signs of gastrointestinal disease (SGD). The prevalence of dogs presented for chronic SGD with HA is unknown.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of HA in dogs with chronic SGD and to identify clinical and laboratory variables for HA in this population.AnimalsOne hundred fifty‐one dogs with chronic SGD.MethodsIn this multicentered prevalence study a standardized workup was performed in prospectively enrolled dogs with SGD > 3 weeks duration. Basal serum cortisol concentration was measured in every dog with ACTH stimulation test (ACTHST) if basal serum cortisol concentration was <3 μg/dL.ResultsBasal serum cortisol concentration was <3 μg/dL in 80/151 (53%) dogs, <2 μg/dL in 42/151 (28%) dogs, and < 1 μg/dL in 9/151 (6%) dogs. In 6/151 dogs HA was diagnosed based on ACTHST (stimulated serum cortisol concentration < 2 μg/dL), a prevalence of 4%. There was no difference in history, physical examination, and laboratory variables between dogs with HA and those with other causes of chronic SGD. In 4/6 dogs with HA, there was melena or hematochezia indicating gastrointestinal blood loss. Hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, or both was not observed in any dog.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceThe prevalence of HA among dogs with chronic SGD is higher than in the general population. Based on these results, testing adrenal function should be performed as a standard screening test in dogs with chronic SGD to differentiate between HA and chronic enteropathies.