Adherence to a lifestyle programme in overweight/obese pregnant women and effect on gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial

• DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12333
• Publication Date: 2016-09-20T04:56:39Z
• Authors: Raffaele Bruno; Elisabetta Petrella; Valentina Bertarini; Giulia Pedrielli; Isabella Neri; Fabio Facchinetti
• Keywords: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; 03 medical and health sciences; 0302 clinical medicine; Pregnancy; Surveys and Questionnaires; Birth Weight; Humans; Obesity; Prospective Studies; Exercise; Life Style; Overweight; 3. Good health; Diabetes, Gestational; Italy; diabetes; fetal growth; obesity; physical activity; pregnancy and nutrition; pregnancy outcome; Hypertension; Patient Compliance; Premature Birth; Female; Diet, Healthy; Follow-Up Studies

AbstractThis study aims to determine whether the prescription of a detailed lifestyle programme in overweight/obese pregnant women influences the occurrence of gestational diabetes (GDM), and if this kind of prescription increases the adherence to a healthier lifestyle in comparison to standard care. The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial, with open allocation, enrolling women at 9–12 weeks of pregnancy with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. The women assigned to the Intervention group (I = 96) received a hypocaloric, low‐glycaemic, low‐saturated fat diet and physical activity recommendations. Those assigned to the Standard Care group (SC = 95) received lifestyle advices regarding healthy nutrition and exercise. Follow‐up was planned at the 16th, 20th, 28th and 36th weeks. A total of 131 women completed the study (I = 69, SC = 62). The diet adherence was higher in the I (57.9%) than in the SC (38.7%) group. GDM occurred less frequently in the I (18.8%) than in the SC (37.1%, P = 0.019) group. The adherent women from either groups showed a lower GDM rate (12.5% vs. 41.8%, P < 0.001). After correcting for confounders, the GDM rate was explained by allocation into the I group (P = 0.034) and a lower BMI category (P = 0.039). The rates of hypertension, preterm birth, induction of labour, large for gestational age babies and birthweight > 4000 g were significantly lower in I group. The incidence of small for gestational age babies was not different.These findings demonstrate that the adherence to a personalized, hypocaloric, low‐glycaemic, low‐saturated fat diet started early in pregnancy prevents GDM occurrence, in women with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2.