Population genetics of freeze tolerance among natural populations of Populus balsamifera across the growing season

0106 biological sciences 0301 basic medicine 2. Zero hunger Analysis of Variance Geography Nucleotides Molecular Sequence Data Genetic Variation 15. Life on land Genes, Plant Adaptation, Physiological Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide 01 natural sciences Introns 03 medical and health sciences Genetics, Population Populus Gene Expression Regulation, Plant 13. Climate action Freezing RNA, Messenger Seasons Alaska
DOI: 10.1111/nph.13381 Publication Date: 2015-03-24T23:07:14Z
ABSTRACT
Summary Protection against freeze damage during the growing season influences the northern range limits of plants. Freeze tolerance and freeze avoidance are the two major freeze resistance strategies. Winter survival strategies have been extensively studied in perennials, but few have addressed them and their genetic basis during the growing season. We examined intraspecific phenotypic variation in freeze resistance of Populus balsamifera across latitude and the growing season. To investigate the molecular basis of this variation, we surveyed nucleotide diversity and examined patterns of gene expression in the poplar C‐repeat binding factor (CBF) gene family. Foliar freeze tolerance exhibited latitudinal and seasonal variation indicative of natural genotypic variation. CBF6 showed signatures of recent selective sweep. Of the 46 SNPs surveyed across the six CBF homologs, only CBF2_619 exhibited latitudinal differences consistent with increased freeze tolerance in the north. All six CBF genes were cold inducible, but showed varying patterns of expression across the growing season. Some Poplar CBF homologs exhibited patterns consistent with historical selection and clinal variation in freeze tolerance documented here. However, the CBF genes accounted for only a small amount of the variation, indicating that other genes in this and other molecular pathways likely play significant roles in nature.
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