Arabidopsis downy mildew effector HaRxL106 suppresses plant immunity by binding to RADICAL‐INDUCED CELL DEATH1

0301 basic medicine Transcription, Genetic Arabidopsis thaliana plant innate immunity Arabidopsis Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis DISORDERED PROTEIN pathogen effector OOMYCETE PATHOGEN SALICYLIC ACID (SA) 03 medical and health sciences Protein Domains SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE Gene Expression Regulation, Plant 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::580 Pflanzen (Botanik)::580 Pflanzen (Botanik) https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR Plant Immunity salicylic acid (SA) Plant biology, microbiology, virology RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1 https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1 AUXIN BIOSYNTHESIS HISTONE H3 Plant Diseases 580 JASMONATE RESPONSES ADP Ribose Transferases Virulence Arabidopsis Proteins Research ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA Nuclear Proteins Proteins PLANT INNATE IMMUNITY Plants, Genetically Modified SALICYLIC-ACID Oomycetes PATHOGEN EFFECTORS Mutation INNATE IMMUNITY PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS Protein Multimerization Salicylic Acid PATHOGEN EFFECTOR HYALOPERONOSPORA ARABIDOPSIDIS oomycete pathogen Signal Transduction
DOI: 10.1111/nph.15277 Publication Date: 2018-08-30T06:42:47Z
ABSTRACT
Summary The oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) causes downy mildew disease on Arabidopsis. To colonize its host, Hpa translocates effector proteins that suppress plant immunity into infected host cells. Here, we investigate the relevance of the interaction between one of these effectors, HaRxL106, and Arabidopsis RADICAL‐INDUCED CELL DEATH1 (RCD1). We use pathogen infection assays as well as molecular and biochemical analyses to test the hypothesis that HaRxL106 manipulates RCD1 to attenuate transcriptional activation of defense genes. We report that HaRxL106 suppresses transcriptional activation of salicylic acid (SA)‐induced defense genes and alters plant growth responses to light. HaRxL106‐mediated suppression of immunity is abolished in RCD1 loss‐of‐function mutants. We report that RCD1‐type proteins are phosphorylated, and we identified Mut9‐like kinases (MLKs), which function as phosphoregulatory nodes at the level of photoreceptors, as RCD1‐interacting proteins. An mlk1,3,4 triple mutant exhibits stronger SA‐induced defense marker gene expression compared with wild‐type plants, suggesting that MLKs also affect transcriptional regulation of SA signaling. Based on the combined evidence, we hypothesize that nuclear RCD1/MLK complexes act as signaling nodes that integrate information from environmental cues and pathogen sensors, and that the Arabidopsis downy mildew pathogen targets RCD1 to prevent activation of plant immunity.
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL
Coming soon ....
REFERENCES (87)
CITATIONS (52)
EXTERNAL LINKS
PlumX Metrics
RECOMMENDATIONS
FAIR ASSESSMENT
Coming soon ....
JUPYTER LAB
Coming soon ....