Roles of RIN and ethylene in tomato fruit ripening and ripening‐associated traits

0301 basic medicine 2. Zero hunger [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology Research MADS-RIN MADS Domain Proteins Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) Ethylenes 540 ripening initiation volatile carotenoid 03 medical and health sciences Solanum lycopersicum Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Fruit system-2 ethylene post-harvest softening cell wall [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition Plant Proteins
DOI: 10.1111/nph.16362 Publication Date: 2019-12-09T07:57:52Z
ABSTRACT
Summary RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN)‐deficient fruits generated by CRISPR/Cas9 initiated partial ripening at a similar time to wild‐type (WT) fruits but only 10% WT concentrations of carotenoids and ethylene (ET) were synthesized. RIN‐deficient fruit never ripened completely, even when supplied with exogenous ET. The low amount of endogenous ET that they did produce was sufficient to enable ripening initiation and this could be suppressed by the ET perception inhibitor 1‐MCP. The reduced ET production by RIN‐deficient tomatoes was due to an inability to induce autocatalytic system‐2 ET synthesis, a characteristic feature of climacteric ripening. Production of volatiles and transcripts of key volatile biosynthetic genes also were greatly reduced in the absence of RIN. By contrast, the initial extent and rates of softening in the absence of RIN were similar to WT fruits, although detailed analysis showed that the expression of some cell wall‐modifying enzymes was delayed and others increased in the absence of RIN. These results support a model where RIN and ET, via ERFs, are required for full expression of ripening genes. Ethylene initiates ripening of mature green fruit, upregulates RIN expression and other changes, including system‐2 ET production. RIN, ET and other factors are required for completion of the full fruit‐ripening programme.
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