Plant genera Cannabis and Humulus share the same pair of well‐differentiated sex chromosomes
0301 basic medicine
0303 health sciences
Sex Chromosomes
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
sex chromosomes
Y degeneration
dioecy
Chromosomes, Plant
Evolution, Molecular
03 medical and health sciences
Cannabaceae
dosage compensation
Humulus
Humulus lupulus
Phylogeny
Cannabis
DOI:
10.1111/nph.17456
Publication Date:
2021-05-12T15:08:24Z
AUTHORS (8)
ABSTRACT
Summary
We recently described, in Cannabis sativa, the oldest sex chromosome system documented so far in plants (12–28 Myr old). Based on the estimated age, we predicted that it should be shared by its sister genus Humulus, which is known also to possess XY chromosomes.
Here, we used transcriptome sequencing of an F1 family of H. lupulus to identify and study the sex chromosomes in this species using the probabilistic method SEX‐DETector.
We identified 265 sex‐linked genes in H. lupulus, which preferentially mapped to the C. sativa X chromosome. Using phylogenies of sex‐linked genes, we showed that a region of the sex chromosomes had already stopped recombining in an ancestor of both species. Furthermore, as in C. sativa, Y‐linked gene expression reduction is correlated to the position on the X chromosome, and highly Y degenerated genes showed dosage compensation.
We report, for the first time in Angiosperms, a sex chromosome system that is shared by two different genera. Thus, recombination suppression started at least 21–25 Myr ago, and then (either gradually or step‐wise) spread to a large part of the sex chromosomes (c. 70%), leading to a degenerated Y chromosome.
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