Biogeographic history of a large clade of ectomycorrhizal fungi, the Russulaceae, in the Neotropics and adjacent regions

• DOI: 10.1111/nph.18365
• Publication Date: 2022-07-11T05:54:29Z
• Authors: Jan Hackel; Terry W. Henkel; Pierre‐Arthur Moreau; Eske De Crop; Annemieke Verbeken; Mariana Sà; Bart Buyck; Maria‐Alice Neves; Aída Vasco‐Palacios; Felipe Wartchow; Heidy Schimann; Fabian Carriconde; Sigisfredo Garnica; Régis Courtecuisse; Monique Gardes; Sophie Manzi; Eliane Louisanna; Mélanie Roy
• Keywords: Clade; [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]; DIVERSITY; Plant Science; Biochemistry; Gene; Agricultural and Biological Sciences; Sociology; FORESTS; vicariance; Mycorrhizae; THIN LINE; Patagonia; Saproxylic Insect Ecology and Forest Management; boreotropical migration; Phylogeny; 0303 health sciences; Geography; Ecology; ORIGIN; Life Sciences; ANDEAN UPLIFT; FOS: Sociology; Phylogenetics; Phylogeography; Biogeography; DIVERSIFICATION; Diversity and Evolution of Fungal Pathogens; 570; Neotropics; diversification; ectomycorrhizal fungi; Population; 03 medical and health sciences; Russulaceae; Biological dispersal; Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology; Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions; dispersal; Lichen Symbiotic Relationships and Ecological Impact; Biology; Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics; Demography; 580; Research; Basidiomycota; Botany; Biology and Life Sciences; GEOGRAPHIC RANGE; Cell Biology; South America; 15. Life on land; EVOLUTION; PAKARAIMA MOUNTAINS; Subtropics; FOS: Biological sciences; Insect Science; GLOBAL BIOGEOGRAPHY

Summary The biogeography of neotropical fungi remains poorly understood. Here, we reconstruct the origins and diversification of neotropical lineages in one of the largest clades of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the globally widespread family Russulaceae. We inferred a supertree of 3285 operational taxonomic units, representing worldwide internal transcribed spacer sequences. We reconstructed biogeographic history and diversification and identified lineages in the Neotropics and adjacent Patagonia. The ectomycorrhizal Russulaceae have a tropical African origin. The oldest lineages in tropical South America, most with African sister groups, date to the mid‐Eocene, possibly coinciding with a boreotropical migration corridor. There were several transatlantic dispersal events from Africa more recently. Andean and Central American lineages mostly have north‐temperate origins and are associated with North Andean uplift and the general north–south biotic interchange across the Panama isthmus, respectively. Patagonian lineages have Australasian affinities. Diversification rates in tropical South America and other tropical areas are lower than in temperate areas. Neotropical Russulaceae have multiple biogeographic origins since the mid‐Eocene involving dispersal and co‐migration. Discontinuous distributions of host plants may explain low diversification rates of tropical lowland ectomycorrhizal fungi. Deeply diverging neotropical fungal lineages need to be better documented.