Transcriptomic and Proteomic Response to Grain Filling Reveal Potential Grain Size Regulation Mechanisms in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd)

• DOI: 10.1111/pbr.13275
• Publication Date: 2025-03-14T06:54:54Z
• Authors: Xiaosuo Tao; Xiaohua Yao; Yongmei Cui; Xin Li; Likun An; YouhuaYao; Kunlun Wu
• Keywords: Chenopodium quinoa; Wheat grain

ABSTRACT Grain size is an important factor affecting quinoa yield, and studying the molecular mechanism of grain formation great significance for cultivar selection. In this study, we analysed phenotypic traits, conducted RNA sequencing proteomic detection during filling in different developmental stages. As progressed, particularly middle to late stages, fresh dry weights large‐grained were 17.13%–32.57% higher than those small‐grained quinoa. Combined transcriptomic analyses performed identify several transcription factors (TFs) maturation, including B3 , zf‐Dof bZIP_1 bZIP_2 AP2 WRKY . Of these, 42 TFs like bZIP WD40 specific quinoa, whereas 24, Subsequently, core module identified genes, such as cytochrome P450 phytohormone‐related genes glycosyl hydrolase family‐like genes. The construction network protein interactions further provided us with potential candidate data obtained study will enhance our understanding regulating provide valuable genetic resources future elite breeding high yield.