Gut microbiome dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability in children with islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: A prospective cohort study

• DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12865
• Publication Date: 2019-05-13T03:39:01Z
• Authors: Jessica E. Harbison; Alexandra J. Roth...; Lynne C. Giles; Cuong D. Tran; Katrina M. Ngui; Megan A. Penno; Rebecca L. Thomson; John M. Wentworth; Peter G. Colman; Maria E. Craig; Grant Morahan; Anthony T. Papenfuss; Simon C. Barry; Leonard C. Harrison; Jennifer J. Couper
• Keywords: Intestinal Permeability; Dysbiosis

Aims/hypothesis To investigate the longitudinal relationship between gut microbiome, circulating short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and intestinal permeability in children with islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes controls. Methods We analyzed bacterial plasma SCFAs, small dietary intake 47 recent-onset 41 unrelated sibling controls over a median (range) of 13 (2-34) months follow-up. Results Children multiple autoantibodies (≥2 IA) had microbiome dysbiosis. Anti-inflammatory Prevotella Butyricimonas genera were less abundant these changes not explained by differences diet. Small measured blood lactulose:rhamnose ratio was higher diabetes. ≥2 IA who progressed to (progressors), compared those did progress, (mean [SE] difference +5.14 [2.0], 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21, 9.07, P = .006), lower within-sample (alpha) microbial diversity (31.3 [11.2], CI 9.3, 53.3, .005), abundance SCFA-producing bacteria. Alpha (observed richness) correlated acetate levels all groups combined (regression coefficient 0.57 [0.21], 0.15, 0.99 .008). Conclusions/Interpretation progress diabetes, like have dysbiosis associated increased permeability. Interventions that expand diversity, particular bacteria, may role decrease progression at-risk.