Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae release extracellular vesicles with immunomodulatory properties

• DOI: 10.1111/pim.12665
• Publication Date: 2019-07-29T16:59:19Z
• Authors: Maja Kosanović; Jelena Cvetković; Alisa Gruden‐Movs...; Saša Vasilev; Milanović Svetlana; Nataša Ilić; Ljiljana Sofronić...
• Keywords: 0301 basic medicine; nematode; Muscles; Blotting, Western; exosomes; immunomodulation; ES L1; Immunomodulation; Extracellular Vesicles; 03 medical and health sciences; muscle larvae; Helminths; Larva; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Animals; Trichinella spiralis

AbstractAimsExtracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a newly discovered but universal communication tool between cells or organisms. However, few data exist on nematode EVs and none for Trichinella spiralis. Here, we aimed to investigate whether T spiralis muscle larvae produce EVs, whether they carry immunomodulatory proteins and whether they have a role in immunomodulation as a component of excretory‐secretory muscle larvae products (ES L1).Methods and resultsEVs were enriched from conditioned medium of T spiralis muscle larvae. Transmission electron microscopy images showed T spiralis EVs to be 30‐80 nm in size, and Western blot confirmed the presence of two out of three glycoproteins with the immunodominant epitope characteristic for muscle larvae of the genus Trichinella. Using a peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) stimulation assay, it was shown that these EVs elevated production of IL10 and IL6.ConclusionT spiralis muscle larvae produce EVs. Those EVs carry immunomodulatory proteins and have the capacity independently to induce regulatory responses in the same way as the T spiralis excretory‐secretory muscle larvae products from which they were isolated.