Bile acid metabolism in fish: disturbances caused by fishmeal alternatives and some mitigating effects from dietary bile inclusions

• DOI: 10.1111/raq.12410
• Publication Date: 2020-01-02T08:52:06Z
• Authors: Nicholas Romano; Vikas Kumar; Gang Yang; Kimia Kajbaf; Marina B. Rubio; Ken Overturf; Andreas Brezas; Ronald Hardy
• Keywords: Lipid digestion; Digestion

Abstract Bile is a yellow‐green liquid produced in the liver from cholesterol and stored gallbladder of vertebrates. improves efficacy lipid digestion by acting as an emulsifier essential activating bile salt lipase, enzyme that has broad substrate specificity. absorption soluble nutrients while also facilitating excretion toxic metabolites, particularly bilirubin. Dietary fishmeal alternatives often disturb acid status fish resulting either increased excretion/decreased intestinal reabsorption and/or decreased synthesis. Saponins high molecular mass proteins are believed to contribute altered status, which may reduce productivity. This situation can worsen with incorporations plant‐based aquafeeds, but be mitigated processing well dietary inclusion some acids/salts. area research will likely increase due roles acids/salts have on protecting digestive organs improving nutrient utilization. This, however, depends type, level species. review discusses these aspects regard nutrition help thus enhance aquaculture sustainability.