Unmasking a silent killer: Prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus among people living with HIV in rural South Africa
sub-Saharan Africa
Adult
Blood Glucose
Adolescent
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
HIV
Middle Aged
16. Peace & justice
3. Good health
South Africa
impaired glucose tolerance
Infectious Diseases
Cross-Sectional Studies
Risk Factors
diabetes mellitus
HIV Seropositivity
Journal Article
Prevalence
Diabetes Mellitus
Humans
epidemiology
Parasitology
DOI:
10.1111/tmi.13871
Publication Date:
2023-03-15T14:44:17Z
AUTHORS (10)
ABSTRACT
AbstractObjectivesTo document the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) and to identify factors associated with undiagnosed DM in people living with HIV (PLWH).MethodsCross‐sectional study performed at Ndlovu Medical Center, Limpopo, South Africa including PLWH aged ≥18 years. Between August and November 2017, 356 HIV‐positive participants were included. Information was collected on socio‐demographics, DM symptoms and risk factors for DM. IGT and DM were diagnosed using random plasma glucose and/or HbA1c. Factors associated with undiagnosed DM were assessed by comparing participants with newly diagnosed DM to participants without DM.ResultsIGT was diagnosed in 172 (48.3%) participants. Twenty‐nine (8.1%) participants met the definition of DM, of whom 17 (58.6%) were newly diagnosed. Compared to participants without DM, participants with DM were on average 5 years older, were more likely to have a positive family history for DM, were less physically active and had higher systolic blood pressure, body mass index and waist circumference. Factors associated with undiagnosed DM included age ≥45 years (odds ratio [OR] = 3.59) and physical inactivity (OR = 3.17).ConclusionsThe prevalence of IGT and DM among PLWH is high and more than half of DM cases were undiagnosed. Regular screening for DM in PLWH is recommended, especially in an ageing population with additional cardiovascular disease risk factors.
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