Donor helper innate lymphoid cells are replaced earlier than lineage positive cells and persist long‐term in human intestinal grafts – a descriptive study

• DOI: 10.1111/tri.13609
• Publication Date: 2020-04-04T14:25:47Z
• Authors: Elena Gómez‐Massa; María Lasa‐Lázaro; Francisco Javier ...; Esperanza Ulloa‐M...; Iago Justo; Carmelo Loinaz; Jorge Calvo‐Pulido; Estela Paz‐Artal; Paloma Talayero
• Keywords: Innate lymphoid cell; Lineage (genetic)

Intestinal grafts carry large donor lymphoid load that is replaced by recipient cells. The dynamics of this process may influence the tolerance, rejection or graft-versus-host disease. We analysed distribution and turnover of T and B (Lin+) lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) and helper innate lymphoid cells (hILC) in intestinal epithelium (IEp) and lamina propia (LP) from a long-term cohort of eight intestinal recipients and from a single patient monitored deeply during the first 8 months post-transplant (posTx). Long-term intestinal grafts showed significantly higher %hILC than native bowels in IEp and LP until 10 years posTx and recovery to normal levels was observed afterwards. We also observed an imbalance between hILC subsets in IEp [increase of type 1 (ILC1) and decrease in type 3 (ILC3) innate lymphoid cells] that persisted along posTx time even when %hILC was similar to native bowels. Regarding hILC origin, we still detected the presence of donor cells at 13 years posTx. However, this chimerism was significantly lower than in Lin+ and NK populations. According to these findings, observation from the patient monitored in early posTx period showed that recipient hILC repopulate earlier and faster than Lin+ cells, with increase in ILC1 related to rejection and infection episodes.