Young People’s Motivational Profiles in Physical Activity: A Cluster Analysis

• DOI: 10.1123/jsep.23.1.1
• Publication Date: 2016-08-10T12:12:42Z
• Authors: C.K. John Wang; Stuart J.H. Biddle
• Keywords: Motivation; Gender Differences; 03 medical and health sciences; 0302 clinical medicine; 1701 Psychology; 1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine; Perception; Institute of Sport; Sport Participation; Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL)

A great deal has been written about the motivation of young people in physical activity, and the determinants of activity for this age group have been identified as a research priority. Despite this, there are few large-scale studies identifying “types” or “clusters” of young people based on their scores on validated motivation inventories. This study reports the results of a cluster analysis of a large national sample (n = 2,510) of 12- to 15-year-olds using contemporary approaches to physical activity motivation: achievement goal orientations, self-determination theory (including amotivation), the nature of athletic ability beliefs, and perceived competence. Five meaningful clusters were identified reflecting two highly motivated and two less well-motivated clusters, as well as a clearly amotivated cluster. Groupings were validated by investigating differences in physical activity participation and perceptions of physical self-worth. Some clusters reflected age and gender differences. The results provide valuable information for likely strategies to promote physical activity in young people.