Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 variant challenge in macaques by prime-boost vaccination with Ad26.COV2.S and SpFN

• DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade4433
• Publication Date: 2022-11-23T18:59:28Z
• Authors: Jingyou Yu; Paul V. Thomas; Katherine McMahan; Catherine Jacob-D...; Jinyan Liu; Xuan He; David Hope; Elizabeth J. Mart...; Wei-Hung Chen; Michaela Sciacca; Nicole P. Hachmann; Michelle Lifton; Jessica Miller; Olivia C. Powers; Kevin Hall; Cindy Wu; Julia Barrett; Isabella Swafford; Jeffrey R. Currier; Jocelyn King; Courtney Corbitt; William C. Chang; Emily Golub; Phyllis A. Rees; Caroline E. Peterson; Agnes Hajduczki; Elizabeth Hussin; Camille Lange; Hua Gong; Gary R. Matyas; Mangala Rao; Dominic Paquin-Pr...; Gregory D. Gromowski; Mark G. Lewis; Hanne Andersen; Meredith Davis-Ga...; Mehul S. Suthar; Nelson L. Michael; Diane L. Bolton; M. Gordon Joyce; Kayvon Modjarrad; Dan H. Barouch
• Keywords: Regimen

Emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and waning immunity call for next-generation vaccine strategies. Here, we assessed the immunogenicity protective efficacy of two SARS-CoV-2 vaccines targeting WA1/2020 spike protein, Ad26.COV2.S (Ad26) Spike ferritin Nanoparticle (SpFN), in nonhuman primates, delivered as either a homologous (SpFN/SpFN Ad26/Ad26) or heterologous (Ad26/SpFN) prime-boost regimen. The Ad26/SpFN regimen elicited highest CD4 T cell memory B responses, SpFN/SpFN generated binding neutralizing antibody Ad26/Ad26 most robust CD8 responses. Despite these differences, against Omicron BA.1 challenge was similar all three regimens. After challenge, vaccinated monkeys showed significantly reduced peak day 4 viral loads both bronchoalveolar lavage nasal swabs compared with sham animals. conferred by immunologically distinct regimens suggests that humoral cellular contribute to protection challenge.