Long-lasting forms of plasticity through patterned ultrasound-induced brainwave entrainment

• DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk3198
• Publication Date: 2024-02-23T18:58:45Z
• Authors: Ho-Jeong Kim; Tien Thuy Phan; Keunhyung Lee; Jeong Sook Kim; Sang-Yeong Lee; Jung Moo Lee; Jongrok Do; Doyun Lee; Sung-Phil Kim; Kyu Pil Lee; Jinhyoung Park; C. Justin Lee; Joo Min Park
• Keywords: Neuromodulation

Achieving long-lasting neuronal modulation with low-intensity, low-frequency ultrasound is challenging. Here, we devised theta burst stimulation (TBUS) gamma bursts for brain entrainment and of plasticity in the mouse motor cortex. We demonstrate that two types TBUS, intermittent continuous induce bidirectional long-term potentiation or depression-like plasticity, respectively, as evidenced by changes motor-evoked potentials. These effects depended on molecular pathways associated including N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin kinase B activation, well de novo protein synthesis. Notably, bestrophin-1 transient potential ankyrin 1 play important roles these enduring effects. Moreover, pretraining TBUS enhances acquisition previously unidentified skills. Our study unveils a promising protocol neuromodulation, enabling noninvasive sustained function.