Cross-modal sensory compensation increases mosquito attraction to humans

• DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn5758
• Publication Date: 2025-01-01T19:03:34Z
• Authors: Takeshi Morita; Nia G. Lyn; Ricarda K. von He...; Olivia V. Goldman; Trevor R. Sorrells; Matthew DeGennaro; Benjamin J. Matthews; Leah Houri-Zeevi; Leslie B. Vosshall

Sensory compensation occurs when loss of one sense leads to enhanced perception by another sense. We have identified a previously undescribed mechanism of sensory compensation in female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Odorant receptor co-receptor ( Orco ) mutants show enhanced attraction to human skin temperature and increased heat-evoked neuronal activity in foreleg sensory neurons. Ir140 , a foreleg-enriched member of the ionotropic receptor (IR) superfamily of sensory receptors, is up-regulated in Orco mutant legs. Ir140 , Orco double mutants do not show the enhanced heat seeking seen in Orco single mutants, suggesting that up-regulation of Ir140 in the foreleg is a key mechanism underlying sensory compensation in Orco mutants. Because Orco expression is sparse in legs, this sensory compensation requires an indirect, long-range mechanism. Our findings highlight how female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, despite suffering olfactory sensory loss, maintain the overall effectiveness of their host-seeking behavior by up-regulating attraction to human skin temperature, further enhancing their status as the most dangerous predator of humans.