Diversity and longitudinal records: Genetic architecture of disease associations and polygenic risk in the Taiwanese Han population

• DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adt0539
• Publication Date: 2025-06-11T15:23:45Z
• Authors: Ting-Yuan Liu; Hsing-Fang Lu; Yu-Chia Chen; Chi-Chou Liao; Ying-Ju Lin; Jai-Sing Yang; Wen-Ling Liao; Wei-De Lin; Shih-Yin Chen; Yu-Chuen Huang; Wei-Yong Lin; Yu-Huei Liu; Kai-Cheng Hsu; Shih-Sheng Chang; Hong-Da Chen; Yu-Pao Chou; Jan-Gowth Chang; Chung-Hsing Wang; Chwen-Tzuei Chang; Chung-Ming Huang; Kai-Jieh Yeo; Tzu-Yuan Wang; Chin-Chung Yeh; Jiunn-Horng Chen; Chi-Ping Huang; Hsueh-Chou Lai; Rong-Hsing Chen; Hui-Ju Lin; Po-Yuan Wu; Jiu-Yao Wang; Chin-Chi Kuo; Der-Yang Cho; Chang-Hai Tsai; Fuu-Jen Tsai

We addressed the underrepresentation of non-European populations in genome-wide association studies (GWASs) by building HiGenome, a large-scale genetic resource for the Taiwanese Han population. Using a custom genotyping array, we integrated deidentified electronic medical records (2003 to 2021) with genomic data to enable GWASs, phenome-wide association studies, and polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis. Among 413,000 participants, 323,397 passed ancestry and quality control filtering. GWASs covered 1085 traits, focusing on diseases prevalent in Taiwan such as type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, gout, and alcoholic liver damage. PRSs were calculated for 238 traits, with the strongest associations observed in musculoskeletal disorders. Incorporating PRS into clinical practice supports early risk prediction and personalized prevention. To further expand translational value, we also conducted pharmacogenomic analysis and human leukocyte antigen typing. HiGenome offers a large-scale genetic and clinical dataset from the Taiwanese Han population, supporting population-specific analyses and precision medicine development in East Asia. The hospital-based design enables continuous follow-up and longitudinal data expansion.