A wireless, self-powered smart insole for gait monitoring and recognition via nonlinear synergistic pressure sensing

• DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adu1598
• Publication Date: 2025-04-16T17:58:56Z
• Authors: Qi Wang; Hui Guan; Chen Wang; Peiming Lei; Hongwei Sheng; Huasheng Bi; Jinkun Hu; Chenhui Guo; Yichuan Mao; Jiao Yuan; Mingjiao Shao; Zhiwen Jin; Jinghua Li; Wei Lan

Wearable insole-based pressure sensor systems have gained attention for continuous gait monitoring, showing potential preventing, diagnosing, and treating conditions such as lumbar degenerative disease diabetic foot ulcers. However, challenges nonlinear response, low stability, energy limitations hindered widespread adoption. Here, we report a fully integrated, self-powered, wireless smart insole designed plantar monitoring real-time visualization analysis of gait. The uses synergistic strategy, achieving remarkable linearity ( R 2 > 0.999 over 0 to 225 kilopascals) high durability (>180,000 compression cycles). Powered by flexible solar cells, the features 22 sensors, enabling spatially resolved mapping on smartphone interface. Integration support vector machine model further enables accurate recognition eight motion states, including static (e.g., sitting standing) dynamic walking, running, squatting) activities. provides practical solution improving clinical assessments, personalized treatments, biomechanics research.