Phytophthora Genome Sequences Uncover Evolutionary Origins and Mechanisms of Pathogenesis

• DOI: 10.1126/science.1128796
• Publication Date: 2006-08-31T21:16:40Z
• Authors: Brett M. Tyler; Sucheta Tripathy; Xuemin Zhang; Paramvir Dehal; Rays H. Y. Jiang; Andrea Aerts; Felipe D. Arredondo; Laura Baxter; Douda Bensasson; Jim L. Beynon; Jarrod Chapman; Cynthia M. B. Dam...; Anne E. Dorrance; Daolong Dou; Allan W. Dickerman; Inna L. Dubchak; Matteo Garbelotto; Mark Gijzen; Stuart G. Gordon; Francine Govers; Niklaus J. Grunwald; Wayne Huang; Kelly L. Ivors; Richard W. Jones; Sophien Kamoun; Konstantinos Krampis; Kurt H. Lamour; Mi-Kyung Lee; W. Hayes McDonald; Mónica Medina; Harold J. G. Meijer; Eric K. Nordberg; Donald J. Maclean; Manuel D. Ospina-...; Paul F. Morris; Vipaporn Phuntumart; Nicholas H. Putnam; Sam Rash; Jocelyn K. C. Rose; Yasuko Sakihama; Asaf A. Salamov; Alon Savidor; Chantel F. Scheuring; Brian M. Smith; Bruno W. S. Sobral; Astrid Terry; Trudy A. Torto-Al...; Joe Win; Zhanyou Xu; Hongbin Zhang; Igor V. Grigoriev; Daniel S. Rokhsar; Jeffrey L. Boore
• Keywords: Phytophthora; 0301 basic medicine; Locus; Hydrolases; Resistance; Arabidopsis; 0607 Plant Biology; effector proteins; Expression; avirulence; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; resistance; 03 medical and health sciences; DNA, Algal; expression; Sojae; Photosynthesis; genes; Symbiosis; 060702 Plant Cell and Molecular Biology; Phylogeny; Plant Diseases; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Toxins, Biological; locus; Genome; Virulence; downy mildew; Algal Proteins; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Effector proteins; Physical Chromosome Mapping; Biological Evolution; virulence; arabidopsis; Genes; Downy mildew; Avirulence; sojae

Draft genome sequences have been determined for the soybean pathogen Phytophthora sojae and the sudden oak death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum . Oömycetes such as these Phytophthora species share the kingdom Stramenopila with photosynthetic algae such as diatoms, and the presence of many Phytophthora genes of probable phototroph origin supports a photosynthetic ancestry for the stramenopiles. Comparison of the two species' genomes reveals a rapid expansion and diversification of many protein families associated with plant infection such as hydrolases, ABC transporters, protein toxins, proteinase inhibitors, and, in particular, a superfamily of 700 proteins with similarity to known oömycete avirulence genes.