Genomic evidence for the Pleistocene and recent population history of Native Americans

• DOI: 10.1126/science.aab3884
• Publication Date: 2015-07-22T02:39:39Z
• Authors: Maanasa Raghavan; Matthias Steinrücken; Kelley Harris; Stephan Schiffels; Simon Rasmussen; Michael DeGiorgio; Anders Albrechtsen; Cristina Valdiosera; María C. Ávila-Arcos; Anna-Sapfo Malasp...; Anders Eriksson; Ida Moltke; Mait Metspalu; Julian R. Homburger; Jeff Wall; Omar E. Cornejo; J. Víctor Moreno-...; Thorfinn S. Korne...; Tracey Pierre; Morten Rasmussen; Paula F. Campos; Peter de Barros D...; Morten E. Allentoft; John Lindo; Ene Metspalu; Ricardo Rodríguez...; Josefina Mansilla; Celeste Henrickson; Andaine Seguin-Or...; Helena Malmström; Thomas Stafford; Suyash S. Shringa...; Andrés Moreno-Est...; Monika Karmin; Kristiina Tambets; Anders Bergström; Yali Xue; Vera Warmuth; Andrew D. Friend; Joy Singarayer; Paul Valdes; Francois Balloux; Ilán Leboreiro; Jose Luis Vera; Hector Rangel-Vil...; Davide Pettener; Donata Luiselli; Loren G. Davis; Evelyne Heyer; Christoph P. E. Z...; Marcia S. Ponce d...; Colin I. Smith; Vaughan Grimes; Kelly-Anne Pike; Michael Deal; Benjamin T. Fuller; Bernardo Arriaza; Vivien Standen; Maria F. Luz; Francois Ricaut; Niede Guidon; Ludmila Osipova; Mikhail I. Voevoda; Olga L. Posukh; Oleg Balanovsky; Maria Lavryashina; Yuri Bogunov; Elza Khusnutdinova; Marina Gubina; Elena Balanovska; Sardana Fedorova; Sergey Litvinov; Boris Malyarchuk; Miroslava Derenko; M. J. Mosher; David Archer; Jerome Cybulski; Barbara Petzelt; Joycelynn Mitchell; Rosita Worl; Paul J. Norman; Peter Parham; Brian M. Kemp; Toomas Kivisild; Chris Tyler-Smith; Manjinder S. Sandhu; Michael Crawford; Richard Villems; David Glenn Smith; Michael R. Waters; Ted Goebel; John R. Johnson; Ripan S. Malhi; Mattias Jakobsson; David J. Meltzer; Andrea Manica; Richard Durbin; Carlos D. Bustamante; Yun S. Song; Rasmus Nielsen; Eske Willerslev
• Keywords: ARCHAEOLOGICAL SEQUENCE; Gene Flow; 570; History; CRANIAL MORPHOLOGY; CLOVIS; MIGRATION; General Science & Technology; Human Migration; Population; [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology; 590; NEW-WORLD; 530; Ancient; SOUTH-AMERICA; 03 medical and health sciences; Indians; Genetic; Models; Genetics; Historical Studies; Humans; Minority Health; Heritage and Archaeology; American Indian or Alaska Native; CONDITIONAL SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION; 0303 health sciences; [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE]; Human Genome; Genomics; Biological Sciences; BRAZIL; Americas; Gene Flow; Genomics; History, Ancient; Human Migration; Humans; Indians, North American; Models, Genetic; Siberia; Multidisciplinary; Medicine (all); MODEL; Siberia; Human Society; [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics; ORIGINS; Anthropology; Americas; Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics; North American

How and when the Americas were populated remains contentious. Using ancient modern genome-wide data, we found that ancestors of all present-day Native Americans, including Athabascans Amerindians, entered as a single migration wave from Siberia no earlier than 23 thousand years ago (ka) after more an 8000-year isolation period in Beringia. After their arrival to Americas, ancestral Americans diversified into two basal genetic branches around 13 ka, one is now dispersed across North South America other restricted America. Subsequent gene flow resulted some sharing ancestry with East Asians (including Siberians) and, distantly, Australo-Melanesians. Putative "Paleoamerican" relict populations, historical Mexican Pericúes American Fuego-Patagonians, are not directly related Australo-Melanesians suggested by Paleoamerican Model.