Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade relies on the gut microbiota

• DOI: 10.1126/science.aad1329
• Publication Date: 2015-11-06T03:54:35Z
• Authors: Marie Vétizou; Jonathan M. Pitt; Romain Daillère; Patricia Lepage; Nadine Waldschmitt; Caroline Flament; Sylvie Rusakiewicz; Bertrand Routy; Maria P. Roberti; Connie P. M. Duong; Vichnou Poirier-C...; Antoine Roux; Sonia Becharef; Silvia Formenti; Encouse Golden; Sascha Cording; Gerard Eberl; Andreas Schlitzer; Florent Ginhoux; Sridhar Mani; Takahiro Yamazaki; Nicolas Jacquelot; David P. Enot; Marion Bérard; Jérôme Nigou; Paule Opolon; Alexander Eggermont; Paul-Louis Woerther; Elisabeth Chachaty; Nathalie Chaput; Caroline Robert; Christina Mateus; Guido Kroemer; Didier Raoult; Ivo Gomperts Boneca; Franck Carbonnel; Mathias Chamaillard; Laurence Zitvogel
• Keywords: CTLA-4; Cancer Immunotherapy

Gut microbes affect immunotherapy The unleashing of antitumor T cell responses has ushered in a new era cancer treatment. Although these therapies can cause dramatic tumor regressions some patients, many patients inexplicably see no benefit. Mice have been used two studies to investigate what might be happening. Specific members the gut microbiota influence efficacy this type (see Perspective by Snyder et al. ). Vétizou found that optimal anticytotoxic lymphocyte antigen blockade required specific Bacteroides spp. Similarly, Sivan discovered Bifidobacterium enhanced antiprogrammed death ligand 1 therapy. Science , issue, p. 1079 and 1084 ; also 1031