Multimessenger observations of a flaring blazar coincident with high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A

• DOI: 10.1126/science.aat1378
• Publication Date: 2018-07-12T15:05:24Z
• Authors: Mark Aartsen; Markus Ackermann; Jenni Adams; Juan Antonio Aguilar; Markus Ahlers; Maryon Ahrens; Imen Al Samarai; David Altmann; Karen Andeen; Tyler Anderson; Isabelle Ansseau; Gisela Anton; Carlos Argüelles; Jan Auffenberg; Spencer Axani; Hadis Bagherpour; Xinhua Bai; Jared Barron; Steve Barwick; Volker Baum; Ryan Bay; James Beatty; Karl Heinz Becker; Julia Tjus; Segev BenZvi; David Berley; Elisa Bernardini; David Besson; Gary Binder; Daniel Bindig; Erik Blaufuss; Summer Blot; Christian Bohm; Mathis Boerner; Fabian Bos; Sebastian Boeser; Olga Botner; Etienne Bourbeau; James Bourbeau; Federica Bradascio; Jim Braun; Martin Brenzke; Hans-Peter Bretz; Stephanie Bron; Jannes Brostean-K...; Alexander Burgman; Raffaela Busse; Tessa Carver; Edward Cheng; Dmitry Chirkin; Asen Christov; Ken Clark; Lew Classen; S. Coenders; Gabriel Collin; Janet Conrad; Paul Coppin; Pablo Correa; Doug Cowen; Robert Cross; Pranav Dave; Melanie Day; Joao Pedro A M de...; Catherine De Clercq; James Delaunay; Hans Dembinski; Sam DeRidder; Paolo Desiati; Krijn de Vries; Gwenhael DeWasseige; Meike DeWith; Ty DeYoung; Juan Carlos Díaz-...; Vincenzo Di Lorenzo; Hrvoje Dujmovic; Jonathan Dumm; Matt Dunkman; Emily Dvorak; Benjamin Eberhardt; Thomas Ehrhardt; Bjorn Eichmann; Philipp Eller; Paul Evenson; Sam Fahey; Ali Fazely; John Felde; Kirill Filimonov; Chad Finley; Samuel Flis; Anna Franckowiak; Elizabeth Friedman; Alexander Fritz; Tom Gaisser; Jay Gallagher; Lisa Gerhardt; Kevin Ghorbani; Theo Glauch; Thorsten Gluesenkamp; Azriel Goldschmidt; Javier Gonzalez; Darren Grant; Zachary Griffith; Christian Haack; Allan Hallgren; Francis Halzen; Kael Hanson; Dustin Hebecker; David Heereman; Klaus Helbing; Robert Hellauer; Stephanie Hickford; Joshua Hignight; Gary Hill; Kara Hoffman; Ruth Hoffmann; Tobias Hoinka; Benjamin Hokanson...; Kotoyo Hoshina; Feifei Huang; Matthias Huber; Klas Hultqvist; Mirco Huennefeld; Raamis Hussain; Seongjin In; Nadège Iovine; Aya Ishihara; Emanuel Jacobi; George Japaridze; Minjin Jeong; Kyle Jero; Benjamin Jones; Piotr Kalaczynski; Woosik Kang; Alexander Kappes; David Kappesser; Timo Karg; Albrecht Karle; Uli Katz; Matt Kauer; Azadeh Keivani; John Kelley; Ali Kheirandish; JongHyun Kim; Myoungchul Kim; Thomas Kintscher; Joanna Kiryluk; Thomas Kittler; Spencer Klein; Ramesh Koirala; Hermann Kolanoski; Lutz Koepke; Claudio Kopper; Sandro Kopper; Jan Paul Koschinsky; Jason Koskinen; Marek Kowalski; Kai Krings; Mike Kroll; Gerald Krueckl; Samridha Kunwar; Naoko Kurahashi N...; Takao Kuwabara; Alexander Kyriacou; Mathieu Labare; Justin Lanfranchi; Michael Larson; Frederik Lauber; Kayla Leonard; Mariola Lesiak-Bzdak; Martin Leuermann; Qinrui Liu; Cristian Jesús Lo...; Lu Lu; Jan Luenemann; William Luszczak; James Madsen; Giuliano Maggi; Kendall Mahn; Sarah Mancina; Reina Maruyama; Keiichi Mase; Ryan Maunu; Kevin Meagher; Morten Medici; Maximilian Meier; Thorben Menne; Gonzalo Merino; Thomas Meures; Sandy Miarecki; Jessie Micallef; Giulio Momente; Teresa Montaruli; Roger Moore; Robert Morse; Marjon Moulai; Rolf Nahnhauer; Prabandha Nakarmi; Uwe Naumann; Garrett Neer; Hans Niederhausen; Sarah Nowicki; Dave Nygren; Anna Pollmann; Alex Olivas; Aongus Ó Murchadha; Erin O'Sullivan; Tomasz Palczewski; Hershal Pandya; Daria Pankova; Peter Peiffer; James Pepper; Carlos de los Heros; Damian Pieloth; Elisa Pinat; Matthias Plum; Buford Price; Gerald Przybylski; Christoph Raab; Leif Raedel; Mohamed Rameez; Ludwig Rauch; Katherine Rawlins; Immacolata Carmen...; Rene Reimann; Ben Relethford; Matt Relich; Elisa Resconi; Wolfgang Rhode; Mike Richman; Sally Robertson; Martin Rongen; Carsten Rott; Tim Ruhe; Dirk Ryckbosch; Devyn Rysewyk; Ibrahim Safa; Tobias Saelzer; Sebastian Sanchez; Alexander Sandrock; Joakim Sandroos; Marcos Santander; Sourav Sarkar; Subir Sarkar; Konstancja Satalecka; Philipp Schlunder; Torsten Schmidt; Austin Schneider; Sebastian Schoenen; Sebastian Schoneberg; Lisa Schumacher; Stephen Sclanfani; Dave Seckel; Suruj Seunarine; Jan Soedingrekso; Dennis Soldin; Ming Song; Glenn Spiczak; Christian Spiering; Juliana Stachurska; Michael Stamatikos; Todor Stanev; Alexander Stasik; Robert Stein; Joeran Stettner; Anna Steuer; Thorsten Stezelbe...; Robert Stokstad; Achim Stoessl; Nora Linn Strotjo...; Thomas Stuttard; Greg Sullivan; Michael Sutherland; Ignacio Taboada; Joulien Tatar; Frederik Tenholt; Samvel Ter-Antonyan; Andrii Terliuk; Serap Tilav; Pat Toale; Moriah Tobin; Christoph Toennis; Simona Toscano; Delia Tosi; Maria Tselengidou; ChunFai Tung; Andrea Turcati; Colin Turley; Bunheng Ty; Lisa Unger; Marcel Usner; Ward Van Driessche; Daan Van Eijk; Nick van Eijndhoven; Justin Vandenbroucke; Sander Vanheule; Jakob van Santen; Eric Vogel; Matthias Vraeghe; Christian Walck; Alexander Wallace; Marius Wallraff; Frank Wandler; Nancy Wandkowsky; Aatif Waza; Chris Weaver; Matthew Weiss; Chris Wendt; Johannes Werthebach; Stefan Westerhoff; Ben Whelan; Nathan Whitehorn; Klaus Wiebe; Christopher Wiebusch; Logan Wille; Dawn Williams; Lizz Wills; Martin Wolf; Joshua Wood; Tania Wood; Kurt Woschnagg; Donglian Xu; Xianwu Xu; Yiqian Xu; Juan Pablo Yanez; Gaurang Yodh; Shigeru Yoshida; Tianlu Yuan; Soheila Abdollahi; Marco Ajello; Roberto Angioni; Luca Baldini; Jean Ballet; Guido Barbiellini; Denis Bastieri; Keith Bechtol; Ronaldo Bellazzini; Bijan Berenji; Elisabetta Bissaldi; Roger Blandford; Raffaella Bonino; Eugenio Bottacini; Johan Bregeon; Philippe Bruel; Rolf Büehler; Toby Burnett; Eric Burns; Sara Buson; Rob Cameron; Regina Caputo; Patrizia A. 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• Keywords: Kanata; Swift/NuSTAR; ddc:520; Astronomical Sciences; Blazar; blazar: emission; 7. Clean energy; Multidisciplinary, Blazar, Neutrino; High Energy Physics - Experiment; neutrino; High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex); ASAS-SN; MISSION; High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE); Multidisciplinary; ORIGIN; Particle and High Energy Physics; 001; Nuclear and Plasma Physics; 520; Multidisciplinary Sciences; gamma ray: emission; H.E.S.S; Physical Sciences; Science & Technology - Other Topics; VERITAS; Kapteyn; Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; TELESCOPE; General Science & Technology; FOS: Physical sciences; IceCube Collaboration; 530; jet: relativistic; AGILE; Subaru; Neutrino; Kiso; supernova; SPECTROGRAPH; neutrino event IceCube-170922A ; gamma-ray blazar TXS 0506+056; quasar; Science & Technology; ta115; INTEGRAL; background; Institut für Physik und Astronomie; High energy neutrino; Liverpool Telescope; PERFORMANCE; VLA/17B-403 teams; MAGIC; CRAB-NEBULA; flux; messenger; gamma ray: VHE; 13. Climate action; Fermi-LAT; [PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]; [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]; HAWC; H.E.S.S.

Neutrino emission from a flaring blazar Neutrinos interact only very weakly with matter, but giant detectors have succeeded in detecting small numbers of astrophysical neutrinos. Aside from a diffuse background, only two individual sources have been identified: the Sun and a nearby supernova in 1987. A multiteam collaboration detected a high-energy neutrino event whose arrival direction was consistent with a known blazar—a type of quasar with a relativistic jet oriented directly along our line of sight. The blazar, TXS 0506+056, was found to be undergoing a gamma-ray flare, prompting an extensive multiwavelength campaign. Motivated by this discovery, the IceCube collaboration examined lower-energy neutrinos detected over the previous several years, finding an excess emission at the location of the blazar. Thus, blazars are a source of astrophysical neutrinos.

Science , this issue p. 147 , p. eaat1378