SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques

• DOI: 10.1126/science.abc4776
• Publication Date: 2020-05-20T19:09:35Z
• Authors: Abishek Chandrash...; Jinyan Liu; Amanda J. Martinot; Katherine McMahan; Noe B. Mercado; Lauren Peter; Lisa H. Tostanoski; Jingyou Yu; Zoltan Maliga; Michael Nekorchuk; Kathleen Busman-S...; Margaret Terry; Linda M. Wrijil; Sarah Ducat; David R. Martinez; Caroline Atyeo; Stephanie Fischinger; John S. Burke; Matthew D. Slein; Laurent Pessaint; Alex Van Ry; Jack Greenhouse; Tammy Taylor; Kelvin Blade; Anthony Cook; Brad Finneyfrock; Renita Brown; Elyse Teow; Jason Velasco; Roland Zahn; Frank Wegmann; Peter Abbink; Esther A. Bondzie; Gabriel Dagotto; Makda S. Gebre; Xuan He; Catherine Jacob-D...; Nicole Kordana; Zhenfeng Li; Michelle A. Lifton; Shant H. Mahrokhian; Lori F. Maxfield; Ramya Nityanandam; Joseph P. Nkolola; Aaron G. Schmidt; Andrew D. Miller; Ralph S. Baric; Galit Alter; Peter K. Sorger; Jacob D. Estes; Hanne Andersen; Mark G. Lewis; Dan H. Barouch
• Keywords: Rhesus macaque; Respiratory tract; Coronavirus; Pandemic; Viral Pneumonia; Humoral immunity

An understanding of protective immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical for vaccine and public health strategies aimed at ending the global disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A key unanswered question whether infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in against reexposure. We developed a rhesus macaque model observed that macaques had high viral loads upper lower tract, humoral cellular immune responses, pathologic evidence pneumonia. After initial clearance, animals were rechallenged showed 5 log10 reductions median bronchoalveolar lavage nasal mucosa compared after primary infection. Anamnestic responses rechallenge suggested protection was mediated by immunologic control. These data show induced reexposure nonhuman primates.