Imaging-guided deep tissue in vivo sound printing

• DOI: 10.1126/science.adt0293
• Publication Date: 2025-05-22T18:43:47Z
• Authors: Elham Davoodi; Jiahong Li; Xiaotian Ma; Alireza Hasani Na...; Jounghyun Yoo; Gengxi Lu; Ehsan Shirzaei Sani; Sunho Lee; Hossein Montazerian; Gwangmook Kim; Jason Williams; Jee Won Yang; Yushun Zeng; Lei S. Li; Zhiyang Jin; Behnam Sadri; Shervin S. Nia; Lihong V. Wang; Tzung K. Hsiai; Paul S. Weiss; Qifa Zhou; Ali Khademhosseini; Di Wu; Mikhail G. Shapiro; Wei Gao

Three-dimensional printing offers promise for patient-specific implants and therapies but is often limited by the need invasive surgical procedures. To address this, we developed an imaging-guided deep tissue in vivo sound (DISP) platform. By incorporating cross-linking agent–loaded low-temperature–sensitive liposomes into bioinks, DISP enables precise, rapid, on-demand of diverse functional biomaterials using focused ultrasound. Gas vesicle–based ultrasound imaging provides real-time monitoring allows customized pattern creation live animals. We validated successfully near diseased areas mouse bladder within rabbit leg muscles vivo, demonstrating its potential localized drug delivery replacement. DISP’s ability to print conductive, drug-loaded, cell-laden, bioadhesive demonstrates versatility biomedical applications.