Bacterial cytoplasmic membranes synergistically enhance the antitumor activity of autologous cancer vaccines

• DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc2816
• Publication Date: 2021-07-07T19:25:03Z
• Authors: Long Chen; Hao Qin; Ruifang Zhao; Xiao Zhao; Liangru Lin; Yang Chen; Yixuan Lin; Yao Li; Yuting Qin; Yiye Li; Shaoli Liu; Keman Cheng; Hanqing Chen; Jian Shi; Gregory J. Anderson; Yan Wu; Yuliang Zhao; Guangjun Nie
• Keywords: Mice, Inbred C57BL; 0301 basic medicine; Mice; 03 medical and health sciences; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Cell Membrane; Melanoma, Experimental; Animals; Humans; Dendritic Cells; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cancer Vaccines; 3. Good health

Cancer vaccines based on resected tumors from patients have gained great interest as an individualized cancer treatment strategy. However, eliciting a robust therapeutic effect with personalized remains challenge because of the weak immunogenicity autologous tumor antigens. Utilizing exogenous prokaryotic constituents that act adjuvants to enhance is promising strategy overcome this limitation. nonspecific stimulation immune system may elicit undesirable immunopathological state. To specifically trigger sufficient antitumor reactivity without notable adverse effects, we developed antigen and adjuvant codelivery nanoparticle vaccine Escherichia coli cytoplasmic membranes (EMs) cell (TMs) tissue. Introduction EM into hybrid membrane (HM-NPs) induced dendritic maturation, thus activating splenic T cells. HM-NPs showed efficacy in immunogenic CT26 colon 4T1 breast mouse models also efficiently regression B16-F10 melanoma EMT6 models. Furthermore, provoked strong tumor-specific response, which not only extended postoperative animal survival but conferred long-term protection (up 3 months) against rechallenge model. Specific depletion different populations revealed CD8+ NK cells were crucial vaccine-elicited regression. Individualized effective activation innate by bacterial hold potential for cancer.