The Genome of the Anaerobic Fungus Orpinomyces sp. Strain C1A Reveals the Unique Evolutionary History of a Remarkable Plant Biomass Degrader

• DOI: 10.1128/aem.00821-13
• Publication Date: 2013-05-25T05:42:26Z
• Authors: Noha H. Youssef; M. B. Couger; Christopher G. St...; Audra S. Liggenst...; Rolf A. Prade; Fares Z. Najar; Hasan K. Atiyeh; Mark R. Wilkins; Mostafa S. Elshahed
• Keywords: Comparative Genomics

ABSTRACT Anaerobic gut fungi represent a distinct early-branching fungal phylum (Neocallimastigomycota) and reside in the rumen, hindgut, feces of ruminant nonruminant herbivores. The genome an anaerobic isolate, Orpinomyces sp. strain C1A, was sequenced using combination Illumina PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) technologies. large (100.95 Mb, 16,347 genes) displayed extremely low G+C content (17.0%), noncoding intergenic regions (73.1%), proliferation microsatellite repeats (4.9%), multiple gene duplications. Comparative genomic analysis identified genes pathways that are absent Dikarya genomes but present lineages and/or nonfungal Opisthokonta. These included for posttranslational fucosylation, production specific intramembrane proteases extracellular protease inhibitors, formation complete axoneme intraflagellar trafficking machinery, near-complete focal adhesion machinery. Analysis lignocellulolytic machinery C1A revealed rich repertoire, with evidence horizontal acquisition from bacterial lineages. Experimental indicated is remarkable biomass degrader, capable simultaneous saccharification fermentation cellulosic hemicellulosic fractions untreated grasses crop residues examined, process significantly enhanced by mild pretreatments. This capability, acquired during its separate evolutionary trajectory along resilience invasiveness compared to prokaryotic anaerobes, renders promising agents consolidated bioprocessing schemes biofuels production.