Detection of Noroviruses in Tap Water in Japan by Means of a New Method for Concentrating Enteric Viruses in Large Volumes of Freshwater

• DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.4.2154-2160.2004
• Publication Date: 2004-04-05T18:18:06Z
• Authors: Eiji Haramoto; Hiroyuki Katayama; Shinichiro Ohgaki
• Keywords: Tap water; Ultrapure water; Turbidity

ABSTRACT A virus concentration method using a cation-coated filter was developed for large-volume freshwater applications. Poliovirus type 1 (LSc 2ab Sabin strain) inoculated into 40 ml of MilliQ (ultrapure) water adsorbed effectively to negatively charged (Millipore HA, 0.45-μm pore size) coated with aluminum ions, 99% (range, 81 114%) which were recovered by elution 1.0 mM NaOH (pH 10.8) following an acid rinse 0.5 H 2 SO 4 3.0). More than 80% poliovirus recovery yields obtained from 500-ml, 1,000-ml, and 10-liter samples tap samples. This method, followed TaqMan PCR detection, applied determine the presence noroviruses in Tokyo, Japan. In 14-month survey, (4.1%) 7 (7.1%) 98 (100 532 liters) contained detectable amount genotype 2, respectively. proved be useful surveying occurrence enteric viruses, including noroviruses, large volumes freshwater.