Alphavirus Genome Delivery Occurs Directly at the Plasma Membrane in a Time- and Temperature-Dependent Process

• DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03412-12
• Publication Date: 2013-02-07T02:58:00Z
• Authors: Ricardo Vancini; Gongbo Wang; Davis Ferreira; Raquel Hernandez; Dennis T. Brown
• Keywords: Sindbis virus; Immunolabeling; Cell membrane; Alphavirus infection; Togaviridae

It is widely held that arboviruses such as the alphavirus Sindbis virus gain entry into cells by a process of receptor-mediated endocytosis followed membrane fusion in acid environment endosome. We have used an approach direct observation electron microscopy and immunolabeling proteins with antibodies conjugated to gold beads. found upon attaching cell surface, intact RNA-containing viruses became empty shells could be identified only antibody labeling. rate at which full particles were converted increased time temperature. this event takes place temperatures inhibit both endosome formation fusion. conclude alphaviruses penetration plasma membranes through pore structure formed and, possibly, host proteins.