Cell Recognition by Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus That Lacks the RGD Integrin-Binding Motif: Flexibility in Aphthovirus Receptor Usage

0301 basic medicine 570 [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] Molecular Sequence Data CHO Cells Virus Replication 630 Cell Line 03 medical and health sciences Aphthovirus Capsid Cricetinae Animals Humans Receptors, Vitronectin Amino Acid Sequence Recombination, Genetic 0303 health sciences Binding Sites 3. Good health [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] Receptors, Virus Capsid Proteins Heparitin Sulfate K562 Cells Oligopeptides
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.4.1641-1647.2000 Publication Date: 2002-07-27T09:55:53Z
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Cell surface molecules that can act as virus receptors may exert an important selective pressure on RNA viral quasispecies. Large population passages of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in cell culture select for mutant viruses that render dispensable a highly conserved Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif responsible for integrin receptor recognition. Here, we provide evidence that viability of recombinant FMDVs including a Asp-143→Gly change at the RGD motif was conditioned by a number of capsid substitutions selected upon FMDV evolution in cell culture. Multiply passaged FMDVs acquired the ability to infect human K-562 cells, which do not express integrin α v β 3 . In contrast to previously described cell culture-adapted FMDVs, the RGD-independent infection did not require binding to the surface glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (HS). Viruses which do not bind HS and lack the RGD integrin-binding motif replicate efficiently in BHK-21 cells. Interestingly, FMDV mutants selected from the quasispecies for the inability to bind heparin regained sensitivity to inhibition by a synthetic peptide that represents the G-H loop of VP1. Thus, a single amino acid replacement leading to loss of HS recognition can shift preferential receptor usage of FMDV from HS to integrin. These results indicate at least three different mechanisms for cell recognition by FMDV and suggest a potential for this virus to use multiple, alternative receptors for entry even into the same cell type.
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