Lactate promotes Salmonella intracellular replication and systemic infection via driving macrophage M2 polarization

• DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02253-23
• Publication Date: 2023-10-05T13:00:22Z
• Authors: Xinyue Wang; Bin Yang; Shuangshuang Ma; Xiaolin Yan; Shuai Ma; Hongmin Sun; Yuyang Sun; Lingyan Jiang
• Keywords: Macrophage polarization; Multiplicity of infection; Intracellular parasite; Salmonella infection

ABSTRACT Salmonella is one of the most important enteric pathogens worldwide, which able to cause lethal systemic infection via survival and replication in host macrophages. Lactate, a byproduct anaerobic or aerobic glycolysis, can induce macrophage M2 polarization, but relationship between lactate-mediated polarization bacterial poorly understood. Here, we evaluated role lactate pathogenicity . We found that levels were significantly increased -infected macrophages, was derived from host. Macrophage mouse assays showed addition enhanced within macrophages colonization loci, while pharmacological genetic inhibition production impaired intracellular its virulence mice. Further analysis revealed promotes induction by responsible for growth promotion. Moreover, macrophage-derived induces island (SPI)-2 type III secretion system, leading translocation SPI-2 effector SteE, driving polarization. Overall, these findings suggest highlight complex interactions IMPORTANCE The enteropathogen Lactate represents an abundant metabolite during infection, also In this study, During system SteE This study highlights provides additional perspective on host-pathogen crosstalk at metabolic interface.