Association of Environmental Injustice and Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors in the United States

• DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033428
• Publication Date: 2024-03-27T10:21:41Z
• Authors: Sumanth Khadke; Ashish Kumar; Sadeer Al‐Kindi; Sanjay Rajagopalan; Yixin Kong; Khurram Nasir; Javaria Ahmad; Gary Adamkiewicz; Scott Delaney; Anju Nohria; Sourbha S. Dani; Sarju Ganatra
• Keywords: Quartile; Stroke

Background While the impacts of social and environmental exposure on cardiovascular risks are often reported individually, combined effect is poorly understood. Methods Results Using 2022 Environmental Justice Index, socio‐environmental justice index burden module ranks census tracts were divided into quartiles (quartile 1, least vulnerable tracts; quartile 4, most tracts). Age‐adjusted rate ratios (RRs) coronary artery disease, strokes, various health measures in Prevention Population‐Level Analysis Community Estimates data compared between using multivariable Poisson regression. The 4 Index was associated with a higher disease (RR, 1.684 [95% CI, 1.660–1.708]) stroke 2.112 2.078–2.147]) 1 Index. Similarly, 1.057 CI,1.043‐1.0716] 1.118 1.102–1.135]) significantly than module. Similar results observed for chronic kidney hypertension, diabetes, obesity, high cholesterol, lack insurance, sleep <7 hours per night, no leisure time physical activity, impaired mental >14 days. Conclusions prevalence CVD its risk factors highly increased adversities, plays an important role independent factors.