GNSS Precipitable Water Vapor from an Amazonian Rain Forest Flux Tower

Signals Rainforest Processing Technique Gnss Precipitation Intensity Satellites Rain Convective System Gps Convective Storms 0207 environmental engineering 02 engineering and technology Processing Method Processing Precipitation Assessment 01 natural sciences Meso Scale Mesoscale Process Rain Forests Amazonia Global Positioning System Mesoscale Networks Vertical Distributions Complex Interaction Nonideal Temporal Variation Instrumentation/sensors 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Mesoscale Meteorology Geodetic Satellites Natural Convection Navigation Systems Sensors Accuracy Assessment Navigational Satellites Gnss Receivers Forestry Deep Convection Positioning System Signal Receivers Water Vapor Precipitable Water Vapor Oscillating Platform Spatial Resolution 13. Climate action Water Vapor Fields Amazon Rainforest Geodesy
DOI: 10.1175/jtech-d-11-00082.1 Publication Date: 2011-08-05T17:22:58Z
ABSTRACT
Abstract Understanding the complex interactions between water vapor fields and deep convection on the mesoscale requires observational networks with high spatial (kilometers) and temporal (minutes) resolution. In the equatorial tropics, where deep convection dominates the vertical distribution of the most important greenhouse substance—water—these mesoscale networks are nonexistent. Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) meteorological networks offer high temporal/spatial resolution precipitable water vapor, but infrastructure exigencies are great. The authors report here on very accurate precipitable water vapor (PWV) values calculated from a GNSS receiver installed on a highly nonideal Amazon rain forest flux tower. Further experiments with a mechanically oscillating platform demonstrate that errors and biases of approximately 1 mm (2%–3% of PWV) can be expected when compared with a stable reference GNSS receiver for two different geodetic grade receivers/antennas and processing methods [GPS-Inferred Positioning System (GIPSY) and GAMIT]. The implication is that stable fixed antennas are unnecessary for accurate calculation of precipitable water vapor regardless of processing techniques or geodetic grade receiver.
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