Genomic landscape and evolutionary dynamics of mariner transposable elements within the Drosophila genus

• DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-727
• Publication Date: 2014-08-27T11:02:05Z
• Authors: Gabriel Wallau; Pierre Capy; Elgion Loreto; Aurélie Hua-Van
• Keywords: Lineage (genetic); Subfamily; Transposition (logic); Comparative Genomics; Transposase

The mariner family of transposable elements is one the most widespread in Metazoa. It subdivided into several subfamilies that do not mirror phylogeny these species, suggesting an ancient diversification. Previous hybridization and PCR studies allowed a partial survey diversity In this work, we used comparative genomics approach to access genus-wide evolution twenty Drosophila sequenced genomes. We identified 36 different lineages belonging six distinct subfamilies, including subfamily described previously. Wide variation lineage abundance copy number were observed among species lineages, continuous turn-over. Most are inactive contain high proportion damaged copies. showed that, addition substitutions rapidly inactivate copies, internal deletion major mechanism contributing element decay generation non-autonomous sublineages. Hence, 23% copies correspond Miniature Inverted-repeat Transposable Elements (MITE) sublineages, first ever for mariner. successful MITEs, often associated with rearrangement, which sheds light on process MITE origin. estimation transposition rates over time revealed all followed similar progression consisting rapid amplification burst by decrease transposition. detected some instances multiple or ongoing bursts. Different times shared finding best explained either horizontal transmission reactivation process. within have also amplified at times, corresponding successive invasions. Finally, preference insertion short TA-rich regions, appears be specific subfamilies. This analysis comprehensive genus scale. provides precise measures evolutionary processes hypothesized previously based data analysis. almost "life cycle" stages: recent amplification, subsequent potential (re)-invasion invasion