Induce defense response of DADS in eggplants during the biotrophic phase of Verticillium dahliae

• DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03527-7
• Publication Date: 2022-04-05T03:45:27Z
• Authors: Muhammad Ali; Husain Ahmad; Bakht Amin; Muhammad Jawaad Atif; Zhihui Cheng
• Keywords: 0303 health sciences; 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid; Diallyl disulfide; Research; Botany; Hydrogen Peroxide; Verticillium; Phenolic compounds; PR-genes; Allyl Compounds; 03 medical and health sciences; QK1-989; Plant hormones; Disulfides; Solanum melongena; V. Dahliae

Abstract Purpose Verticillium wilt is a destructive vascular disease in eggplants. The complex defensive mechanisms of eggplant against this disease are very limited.

Methods Our work examined the bioactive properties of garlic allelochemical diallyl disulfide (DADS) as potential biostimulants for defense against V. dahliae in eggplant seedlings. We, therefore, foliar sprayed DADS on eggplants to study the defense response during the early biotrophic phase of V. dahliae (a hemibiotroph).

Results DADS application significantly increased root peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine-ammonia lyase (PAL) enzyme activity, and reduced H2O2 levels after 24 h of fungal inoculation. Salicylic acid (SA) in leaves and roots was significantly increased while, the jasmonic acid (JA), indole acetic acid (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) levels were decreased. The microscopic examinations of V. dahliae infection in roots displayed that the progression of infection was restricted in DADS-treated plants. Depositions of lignin and phenolic compounds such as ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and caffeic acid content were significantly higher in DADS-treated plants at 48 h post-inoculation. Similarly, the DADS application up-regulated pathogenesis-related (PR1, PR2, and PR5), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK1), and lipoxygenase (LOX) genes. Furthermore, DADS-treated plants exhibited a lower disease severity index (23.3% vs. 57.0% in controls), indicating successful defense against V. dahliae.

Conclusions Our findings concluded that the biological function of garlic allelochemical DADS has a prominent role in the higher defense resistance of eggplants during the early infection of V. dahliae.