Elderly-onset vs adult-onset ulcerative colitis: a different natural history?

• DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01296-x
• Publication Date: 2020-05-12T09:04:16Z
• Authors: Irene Zammarchi; Francesco Lanzarotto; Rosanna Cannatelli; Francesca Munari; Federica Benini; Alessandro Pozzi; Alberto Lanzini; Chiara Ricci
• Keywords: Adult; Male; Aging; RC799-869; Comorbidity; Inflammatory bowel disease; 03 medical and health sciences; Elderly; 0302 clinical medicine; Risk Factors; Comorbidity; Elderly; Inflammatory bowel disease; Therapeutic strategies; Ulcerative colitis; Humans; Prospective Studies; Age of Onset; Aged; Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology; Middle Aged; 3. Good health; Ulcerative colitis; Therapeutic strategies; Disease Progression; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Research Article

Abstract Background Incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) in elderly population is increasing because of ageing and because of its minimal impact on life span. Data on natural history, outcomes and therapeutic strategies are limited. Our aim is to characterize UC in elderly-onset patients followed at our Inflammatory Bowel Disease outpatient clinic and compare with adult-onset UC.

Methods From January 2000 to June 2019, 94 patients with UC diagnosed after the age of 65 years (elderly group, E-O) were identified and matched 1–1 according to gender and calendar year of diagnosis with patients diagnosed with UC at age between 40 and 64 years (adult age, A-O).

Results Comorbidity Index (3.8 vs 1.6, p < 0.0005) was higher for elderly UC patients. Symptoms at presentation were similar between the two groups, although abdominal pain was more common in adults, and weight loss was more common in the elderly. At diagnosis, left colitis (61% vs 39%) and proctitis (14% vs 26%) (p = 0.011) were more frequent in the elderly. Therapy and clinical behaviour were similar. Surgery was more frequently performed in the elderly (20% vs 9%, p = 0.02), while biological therapy was less used (2.1% vs 22%, p < 0.0005). Complications were more frequent in the elderly. Extraintestinal manifestations were lower in elderly patients (9.6% vs 19.2%, p = 0.061). Time to first relapse was similar between the two groups. Mortality (p < 0.0005) was higher in elderly patients.

Conclusions Ulcerative Colitis has similar presentation and behaviour in elderly and adults patients. However, the elderly are more fragile because of comorbidities, increased risk of infections and disease-related complications.