Emergence and evolution of internationally disseminated cephalosporin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae clones from 1995 to 2005 in Japan

• DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1110-x
• Publication Date: 2015-10-08T00:33:06Z
• Authors: Ken Shimuta; Yuko Watanabe; Shu-ichi Nakayama; Tomoko Morita-Ish...; Toshiro Kuroki; Magnus Unemo; Makoto Ohnishi
• Keywords: Multilocus sequence typing; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Agar dilution; Cefixime

Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains with resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs), last options for first-line monotherapy of gonorrhoea, likely emerged and initially disseminated in Japan, followed by international transmission. In recent years, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) ST1901 N. multiantigen (NG-MAST) ST1407 isolates the mosaic penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2 XXXIV have accounted most ESC globally. Our aim was elucidate initial emergence transmission ESC-resistant detailed examination from 1995 2005 Kanagawa, Japan. were examined phenotypically (n = 690) genetically 372) agar dilution method (cefixime, ceftriaxone ciprofloxacin), penA gene sequencing, MLST NG-MAST. Already 1995, one cefixime-resistant (CFM-R) isolate found, which is first CFM-R described After 1996, prevalence CFM-decreased susceptibility (CFM-DS) significantly increased, peak level 2002 (57.1 % CFM-R). 1997–2002, ST7363 strain type PBP X predominant among CFM-R/DS isolates. The clone(s), became type(s) already 2003–2005, possessed X, possibly originally transferred strains, subsequently acquired XXXIV. NG-MAST identified Kanagawa 2003. two main internationally spread gonococcal clones, (NG-MAST frequent internationally) that also shown their capacity develop high-level (superbugs H041 F89), emerged, evolved started disseminate metropolitan area, including global