Evaluation of an objective staging system for assessment of cervical vertebral maturation

• DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03844-9
• Publication Date: 2024-01-17T11:02:48Z
• Authors: Ahlam M. Alhamady; Ramy Abdul Rahman...; Maged S. Alhammadi; Abeer A. Almashraqi; Najah Alhashimi
• Keywords: Complementary and Manual Therapy; Cephalometry; Cervical vertebral maturation; Cervical vertebrae; Orthodontic Research and Treatment; Health Professions; Orthodontics; Quantum mechanics; 03 medical and health sciences; 0302 clinical medicine; Age Determination by Skeleton; Health Sciences; Humans; Dental Imaging; Skeletal maturation; Internal medicine; Biology; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in Dentistry; Cancer; Objective staging; Research; FOS: Clinical medicine; Physics; Superior wall inclination angle; Reproducibility of Results; Paleontology; RK1-715; Power (physics); Staging system; Radiography; Reliability (semiconductor); Dentistry; Nuclear medicine; Cervical Vertebrae; Medicine; Surgery; Oral Surgery; Diagnosis and Management of Temporomandibular Disorders; Stage (stratigraphy)

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to evaluate an objective method for Cervical Vertebral Maturation (CVM) staging.

Methods An initial sample of 647 Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs (LCR) were staged according to the CVM (Baccetti et al.) by 4 examiners. The final sample (n = 394) included LCR on which the staging of the 4 investigators matched. The objective staging was performed by a single operator. The sample was divided according to the maturational stages into pre-pubertal, pubertal and post-pubertal groups. Measurements were performed on the cervical vertebrae (C2, C3 and C4). The angle between posterior and superior borders for C3 and C4 was the Superior Wall Inclination Angle (SWIA). Concavity Depth (CD) for C2, C3 and C4, and Body Shape (BS) (ratio of width to height of C3 and C4). Measurements of the 3 groups were compared.

Results Reliability of subjective staging was high (intra-observer reliability, 0.948; inter-observer reliability, 0.967). Good agreement was observed for the outcomes measured. Intra-observer reliability was good (0.918, 0.885 and 0.722 for CD, BS and SWIA, respectively). The same was for the inter-observer reliability results (0.902, 0.889 and 0.728 for CD, BS and SWIA, respectively). Significant differences were observed for mean values of SWIA and BS and median values of CD within maturational stage. Similar findings were observed when the outcomes were compared at different phases (P < 0.001).

Conclusions A standardized, objective staging system using linear, angular measurements and ratios was applied for the determination of cervical vertebral maturation.