Size-controllable synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanorods via fluorine modulation: applications in dental adhesives for enhanced enamel remineralization

• DOI: 10.1186/s12903-025-05574-6
• Publication Date: 2025-02-08T08:30:41Z
• Authors: Linzhi Meng; Mengmeng Shu; Peng Mei; Yakun Liang; Lunguo Xia
• Keywords: Nanorod; Fluorine

There has been little application of fluorine-substituted hydroxyapatites (FHAs) in dental adhesives. Previous studies primarily focused on the effect fluoride content enamel remineralization, neglecting role FHA particle size. This study aimed to synthesize uniform nanorods varying sizes by adjusting fluorine doping levels, and investigate synergistic effects nanorod size remineralization incorporating into with levels were synthesized based a hydrothermal method. The characterization analyses demonstrated X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). composite adhesives containing 10 wt% different characterized via scanning (SEM). colloidal stability, light-curing poperties, degree conversion (DC %) assessed. shear bond strength (SBS) was determined failure mode analysis reported. release Ca2+ F- within 30 days detected. evaluated SEM, energy dispersive (EDS), XRD, micro-hardness through vitro vivo experiments. Statistical performed using Shapiro-Wilk test, Levene one-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD method, Welch Tamhane Fisher's exact test Kruskal-Wallis (α = 0.05). Uniform level (2 wt%, 6 wt%). lengths these 505.31 ± 104.43 nm, 111.27 22.89 66.21 12.68 respectively. showed good stability appropriate properties. SBS decreased due incorporation nanorods, but values still remained clinically required range. Three groups could continuously. group F-doped HA shorter exhibited more mineral deposition absorption Ca²⁺ onto adhesive surfaces. strategy adding can be an effective approach promote while maintaining adequate strength. superior remineralization.