Anticancer potential of Phoenix dactylifera L. seed extract in human cancer cells and pro-apoptotic effects mediated through caspase-3 dependent pathway in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells: an in vitro and in silico investigation

• DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03533-0
• Publication Date: 2022-03-15T10:08:37Z
• Authors: Mohsin Ali Khan; Romila Singh; Sahabjada Siddiqui; Imran Ahmad; Rumana Ahmad; Shivbrat Upadhyay; Md. Abul Barkat; Ahmed Mahmoud Abd...; Qamar Zia; Aditi Srivastava; Anchal Trivedi; Ishrat Husain; Anand Narain Sriv...; Durga Prasad Mishra
• Keywords: Viability assay; MTT assay; Phoenix dactylifera

Abstract Background Phoenix dactylifera L. has a diverse set of pharmacological properties due to its distinct phytochemical profile. The purpose this study was investigate the anticancer potential seed extract (PDSE) in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, as well liver HepG2 efficacy triple-negative followed by silico validation molecular interaction between active components PDSE caspase-3, an apoptosis executioner protein . Methods In study, cell lines were cultured subsequently treated with 10 100 μg/mL PDSE. MTT test performed determine viability, MMP measured using fluorescent probe JC-1, nuclear condensation determined Hoechst 33258 dye, Annexin V-FITC & PI staining cycle analysis evaluated through flow cytometer, apoptotic markers detected western blotting. bioactive agents identified high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. binding affinity validated docking tools AutoDock Vina iGEMDOCK v2.1. Results Cell viability data indicated that inhibited proliferation both cells cells. showed maximum growth inhibition IC 50 value 85.86 for However, did not show any significant toxicity against normal Vero line. induced loss formation bodies, enhanced late at high doses arrested S phase cycle. activated enzymatic activity cleaved caspase-3 caused cleavage poly-ADB ribose polymerase (PARP) protein. upregulated pro-apoptotic Bax markedly but no effect on tumor suppressor p53, while it downregulated anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression. HPLC presence rutin quercetin flavonols ethanolic PDS. Interestingly, revealed strong amino acid residues (PDB ID: 2XYP; Hetero 4-mer - A2B2) Conclusion PDS could serve medicinal source death and, thus, be used promising crucial candidate drug development. This warrants further vivo research, clinical investigation.